| I |
See Ampere
|
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I²S
|
Inter-IC Sound (I²S) is an electrical bus interface standard used for connecting digital audio devices. The I²S bus separates clock and data signals, resulting in a very low-jitter connection. The bus consists of three lines: a clock line, a word-select line, and a multiplexed-data line. |
| I-Link |
See FireWire
|
| I.M.V.P |
See IMVP
|
|
I/O
|
Input/output |
|
I/Q
|
1. I/Q modulation is a method for combining two channels of information into one signal so that they can be separated at a later stage. Two quadrature carriers, 90 degrees out of phase, are modulated, then combined.
Abbreviated from "in-phase/quadrature-phase" which refers to the two carrier signals' phase relationship.
2. IQ (Q should be subscripted but sometimes printed as "IQ" without subscripting): Quiescent current: The current consumed when a circuit is in a quiet state, driving no load and if appropriate, with its inputs not cycling.
3. Intelligence quotient, a measure in which electrical engineers invariably excel. |
|
I2C
|
I2C (pronounced "I-squared-C" and typeset as I2C) is short for "inter-IC bus." I2C is a two-wire, low-speed, serial data connection IC bus used to run signals between integrated circuits, generally on the same board.
SMBus is electrically similar — see Comparing the I2C Bus to the SMBus.
See also: I2C Data Converters, and do a site search for I2C to find other I2C articles and products. |
|
IBO
|
Input Back-Off: In a power amplifier, a measure of how far you must reduce the input power in order to receive the desired output linearity and power. Stated differently, the ratio between the input power that delivers maximum power to the input power that delivers the desired linearity. |
|
IC
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1. Integrated circuit: A semiconductor device that combines multiple transistors and other components and interconnects on a single piece of semiconductor material.
2. Internally Connected |
| IC Foundry |
See Wafer Fab
|
|
ICA
|
Integrated circuit accumulator |
|
ICR
|
Internal calibration register |
| ICVS |
See Transimpedance Amplifier
|
| Ideal Factor |
See Ideality Factor
|
|
Ideality Factor
|
A constant adjustment factor used to correct for discrepancies between an ideal PN junction equation and a measured device. |
|
Idle Mode™
|
A method for improving the efficiency of switching regulators by skipping pulses when the circuit is lightly loaded.
This variation in PWM (pulse-width modulation) combines the efficiency at low loads afforded by PFM (Pulse-Frequency Modulation) with PWM's efficiency and low-noise characteristics at higher loads. At light loads the circuit skips pulses as necessary (acting like a PFM circuit). At higher loads it acts like PWM. The net result is the maximum efficiency over the widest possible load range.
Learn more: "DC-DC Converter Tutorial" (see the paragraphs around Figure 14). |
|
IEC
|
1. IEC stands for the International Electrotechnical Commission: An "organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies."
2. Commonly used to refer to one of the 13 power connectors described by specification IEC 60320. Most commonly refers to the C13 and C14 connectors used by most computers and many AC-powered electronic devices to connect the AC power.
3. Integrated electronic component. |
| IEC connector |
See IEC
|
| IEC-320 |
See IEC
|
|
IEEE
|
From www.ieee.org: "The IEEE (Eye-triple-E) is a non-profit, technical professional association of more than 360,000 individual members in approximately 175 countries. The full name is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., although the organization is most popularly known and referred to by the letters I-E-E-E." IEEE also sponsors many electrical and electronic standards. |
| IEEE 1394 |
See FireWire
|
| IEEE 802.11g |
See 802.11g
|
| IEEE 802.15.4 |
See ZIGBEE
|
| IEEE 802.16 |
See WiMax
|
| IEEE P 1451.4 |
See Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
|
| IEEE-1394 |
See FireWire
|
| IEEE-488 |
See GPIB
|
| IEEE802.11 |
See 802.11
|
| IEEE802.11a |
See 802.11a
|
| IEEE802.11b |
See 802.11b
|
|
IERC
|
International Electronic Research Corp |
|
IF
|
Intermediate Frequency: Radio communications systems modulate a carrier frequency with a baseband signal in order to achieve radio transmission. In many cases, the carrier is not modulated directly. Instead, a lower IF signal is modulated and processed. At a later circuit stage, the IF signal is converted up to the transmission frequency band. |
|
IFM
|
ISDN file manager |
|
IFT
|
Intermediate-frequency transform |
| IHS |
See Integrated Heat Spreader
|
| IIC |
See I2C
|
| III-V |
See Semiconductor
|
|
IIP3
|
Third Order Input Intercept Point: The point at which the power in the third-order product and the fundamental tone intersect, when the amplifier is assumed to be linear. IIP3 is a very useful parameter to predict low-level intermodulation effects. |
| IIS |
See I²S
|
| IM |
See Intermodulation
|
|
IMA
|
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM, an MGX card module that supports T3 or E3 inverse multiplexing on up to eight T1 or E1 lines. |
|
Image Frequency
|
Receivers typically convert RF signals to a lower Intermediate Frequency (IF) for demodulation. In addition to the IF, a second signal, called the "image frequency" is often generated and filtered out. |
|
Image Rejection
|
The measure of a receiver's ability to reject signals at its image frequency. It is normally expressed as the ratio, in dB, of the receiver's sensitivity at the desired frequency versus the sensitivity at the image frequency. |
|
IMD
|
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD): When two signals mix in non-linear circuits or devices, new frequency components are created that are not in the original signal. The resulting signal error is called intermodulation distortion, or IMD. |
|
Impedance
|
Impedance, represented by the symbol Z, is a measure of the opposition to electrical flow. It is measured in ohms.
For DC systems, impedance and resistance are the same, defined as the voltage across an element divided by the current (R = V/I).
In AC systems, the "reactance" enters the equation due to the frequency-dependent contributions of capacitance and inductance. Impedance in an AC system is still measured in ohms and represented by the equation Z = V/I, but V and I are frequency-dependent. |
| Impulse |
See UWB
|
|
IMVP
|
Intel Mobile Voltage Positioning: A technology in which the processor voltage (VCC) is dynamically adjusted, based on the processor activity, to reduce processor power. It allows higher processor clock speed at a given power consumption; or lower consumption at a given clock frequency. |
| In-Rush |
See Inrush Current
|
| In-Rush Current |
See Inrush Current
|
|
Inductive Kickback
|
The very rapid change in voltage across an inductor when current flow is interrupted. Snubber diodes are often used to channel this energy in relays, and other inductive loads. Kickback can be a problem (causing EMI and component failure); or it can be used in power supply circuits to develop higher or opposite-polarity voltages from a single supply. |
| Inductor-Based |
See DC-DCs
|
| Inductor-Based Switcher |
See DC-DCs
|
| Industrial Scientific And Medical |
See ISM
|
|
InfiniBand
|
InfiniBand architecture is an industry standard, channel-based, switched-fabric, interconnect architecture for servers. InfiniBand architecture changes the way servers are built, deployed, and managed. |
| Infrared |
See IR
|
| Infrared Data Association |
See IrDA
|
|
InGaAs
|
Indium gallium arsenide |
|
Ingress Protection
|
An Ingress Protection (IP) rating indicates how well an enclosure is protected from penetration by contaminants such as dust or fluids (such as water). IP ratings are defined in the IEC standard 60529.
See also: iButton Certifications. |
| INL |
See Integral Nonlinearity
|
| Input Back-Off |
See IBO
|
|
Input CMVR (V)
|
Common-mode voltage range (CMVR) or Input Voltage Range (IVR): For signal processing devices with differential inputs, such as an op amp, CMVR is the range of common mode signal for which the amplifier's operation remains linear.
If we let the voltage present on the "-" input equal V1, and the voltage on the "+" input equal V2, then the common mode voltage is VCM = (V1+V2)/2.
Some op amps, for instance, will only allow the common mode voltage of a signal to come within a diode drop or so of the power supply rails. Many of Maxim's op amps will allow the common mode input voltage to go all the way to one or both supply rails. Some even allow inputs beyond the supply rails (Beyond-The-Rails™). |
| Input Voltage Range |
See Input CMVR (V)
|
| Inrush |
See Inrush Current
|
|
Inrush Current
|
A momentary input current surge, measured during the initial turn-on of the power supply. This current reduces to a lower steady-state current once the input capacitors charge. Hotswap controllers or other forms of protection are often used to limit inrush current, because uncontrolled inrush can damage components, lower the available supply voltage to other circuits, and cause system errors. |
|
Int. Ref.
|
Internal Reference. An on-chip voltage reference. |
| Integral Non-Linearity |
See Integral Nonlinearity
|
|
Integral Nonlinearity
|
A measure of a data converter's ability to adhere to an ideal slope in its transfer function. It can be specified using end-point or best-straight-line fit. Each of these approaches can yield very different numbers for the same data converter. |
| Integrated circuit |
See IC
|
|
Integrated Heat Spreader
|
An Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) is the surface used to make contact between a heatsink or other thermal solution and a CPU or GPU processor. |
| Integrated Interchip Sound |
See I²S
|
| Integrated Temperature Sensor |
See Local Temperature Sensor
|
| Intel Mobile Voltage Positioning |
See IMVP
|
|
Intellectual Property
|
Intellectual Property: Creations of the intellect such as trade knowledge, technical information, and literary or artistic work, including patents, copyrights, and trademarks. |
| inter-IC bus |
See I2C
|
| Inter-IC Sound |
See I²S
|
| Inter-Modulation Distortion |
See IMD
|
| Inter-Symbol Interference |
See ISI
|
|
Interleave
|
To organize the data sectors on a computer hard disk, so the read/write heads can access information faster. |
| Intermediate Frequency |
See IF
|
| Intermod |
See IMD
|
|
Intermodulation
|
A process whereby signals mix together in a circuit and nonlinearities in the circuit create undesired output frequencies that are not present at the input. |
| Intermodulation Distortion |
See IMD
|
| Internal Temperature |
See Local Temperature
|
| International Electrotechnical Commission |
See IEC
|
| International Standards Organization |
See ISO
|
| International Telecommunication Union |
See ITU
|
|
Internet Protocol
|
Standard method for data transfer used on the Internet. Also known as IP or TCP/IP. |
| Internet Service Provider |
See ISP
|
| Intersymbol Interference |
See Jitter
|
| Inverter |
See Inverting Switching Regulator
|
| Inverters |
See Inverting Switching Regulator
|
| Inverting Controller |
See DC-DC Controllers
|
| Inverting DC-DC Converter |
See Inverting Switching Regulator
|
|
Inverting Switching Regulator
|
A switch-mode voltage regulator in which output voltage is negative with respect to its input voltage. |
| IP |
See Ingress Protection
|
|
IP3
|
Third-order intercept point |
| IQ |
See I/Q
|
|
IR
|
Infrared: Light that has a frequency below the visible light spectrum, used for remote controls, line-of-sight wireless data, and night vision applications, among others. |
| IRDA |
See IrDA
|
|
IrDA
|
Infrared Data Association: A group of device manufacturers that developed a standard for transmitting data via infrared light waves. |
|
IRE
|
Institute of Radio Engineers; IREs are units of measurement dividing the area from the bottom of sync to peak white level into 140 equal units. 140 IRE = 1VP-P |
|
IRO
|
Input-referred offset |
|
IRS
|
Interface register set |
|
IRSA
|
Interface register set address |
|
IRSD
|
Interface register set data |
|
IS
|
IN SEL (control bit) |
|
ISA
|
Industry-standard architecture |
|
ISI
|
Inter-Symbol Interference: A form of interference that occurs when echoes of a radio-signal interfere with the original signal. ISI can reduce the effective data rate of wireless LAN transceivers. |
|
ISM
|
Industrial, Scientific and Medical: Radio frequency bands made available for use by communication equipment without license, within certain maximum emitted power limits. Equipment which uses the ISM band must tolerate interference from other such equipment. Common uses include WiFi (802.11a, b, and g) and cordless phones. |
|
ISO
|
International Standards Organization |
| ISO/TS-16949 |
See TS16949
|
| ISO/TS16949:2002 |
See TS16949
|
|
ISP
|
Internet Service Provider: Company that offers connection to the Internet. |
|
ITU
|
International Telecommunication Union: An international organization under the UN that is concerned with telecommunications. |
| IVR |
See Input CMVR (V)
|
EE-Glossary Term of the Day